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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types of plants produce distinct flavors. Find out about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a premium coffee beans may vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing techniques employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were invigorated by eating berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma and body of the coffee. It is often utilized to create an even and balanced taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica and can be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use combine the two varieties to cut cost and maintain the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor, you should choose the best quality beans from a reliable source. This can be done by purchasing your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other bean varieties to add a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans delivery beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect to grow at home. The seeds can be found on the internet from a variety of sources, however it is best to buy from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a separate species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are situated at medium roast coffee beans altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both fruity and tart that makes them a popular selection in blends for house. They have a milder flavor and lower caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but they still possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa highest rated Coffee beans beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They are typically used to give blends additional body and a rich, tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and high altitudes. They have a little acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee worldwide, and is responsible for around 40% of all coffee consumed in the world. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two types and have a woody, earthy taste.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor opt for an arabica or a blend made up of arabica beans and robusta beans.