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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of all global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing methods used to make it.

The word 'coffee' actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were stimulated by eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee beans sale.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical source of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees, which can be used in various brewing methods. Blending allows control over the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is typically used to create a consistent and balanced flavor that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand warmer temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended together to create coffee Beans Wholesale Suppliers blends. If you've seen the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee, it's likely that there's some robusta in there as well.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, most do combine both varieties to lower costs and ensure the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you must select a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which is why they are different from other types of coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal to grow at home. The seeds can be found on the internet from several sources, however it is best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on large 20-30-foot coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends made at home. They are also less heavy on scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have a distinct taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually regarded as a different coffee plant species up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee beans sale production. The coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and an eerie, dark roast coffee beans taste. They're frequently used in blends to give extra body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and accounts for around 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody undertones.

After having learned about the four most popular types, it's now time to select the best brew. If you want a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.